General hair care


        GENERAL HAIR CARE
Hair waving is another practice going back many centuries. The Egyptians used to wind the hair on wooden sticks, cover it with mud, and bake it in the sun. Heat waving processes are still used today but for 'permanent waves', cold waving techniques are becoming increasingly popular. A permanent wave should maintain the shape of the hair at least through several shampoos; if successful, it may last several months.
Cold waving, being a technique that requires no elaborate heating or drying equipment, can be done at home, indeed, it has made home permanent-waving possible. This process involves wetting the hair with a solution of thioglycolic acid, and then winding it on to rollers; the rollers are left in for 10-30 minutes depending on the type of hair and the desired effect. The hair is then rinsed with a 'neutralizer', usually hydrogen peroxide solution. What basically occurs with a perm is that the hair is chemically changed to a flexible form, like jelly, then shaped as desired and allowed to set or harden for a 'permanent' effect. Reactions are rather rare considering the widespread use of these products. This may be partly due to the fact that the ‘home perm’ solutions are weaker than those used in the hair-dressing salons. The most common reaction is one of irritation, usually caused by carelessly applying the solution or leaving it on the scalp for too long. Damage to the hair is also a frequent outcome. It occurs most commonly with hair which has been too recently waved or bleached, or in normal hair where the solution is insufficiently diluted or is left on for too long. As a result of this damage the hair may become brittle and frizzy, the ends will very likely split, and the hair may even break and fall out. Such hair damage can, however, be largely prevented by following the directions very carefully, and not assuming that different brands can be used in the same manner. Alternatively ensure that you attend a reputable salon, and make certain that your hair is in good condition before having a perm.
Setting agents, hair lacquers or sprays are mainly based on polyvinyl pyrrolidone or similar polymers. Their effect is shortlived but they are quite safe to use; they do not cause hair damage or dandruff. Occasionally hair sprays may react with some dyes, resulting in discoloured hair.

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